>
> >Possible the spread of virus in large yards might be due to the water
> source with a small water source and no nectar pollen coming in (like in a
> large California holding yard like Richard Adee uses).


Bob, not only that, but the viruses can spread as "aerosols" when bees
defecate in the air.  There has been research showing that they can be
picked up on air filters.

Virus particles (virions) are ubiquitous.  My next article for ABJ will try
to put the above information into biological perspective for beekeepers.

Randy Oliver

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