Rick.
I will try to answer, but do it in layman's language rather than the language
of a chemist.

When you think of "sugar", you think of that white crystalline stuff on your
table that you use to sweeten your coffee or tea.  However, chemically
speaking, sugars are a whole group of chemicals which are carbohydrates, some
sweeter than others, some solid and some liquid, some with a very complicated
chemical structure and others with a very simple chemical structure.  That
"stuff" in your sugar bowl is
the chemical "sucrose", a di-saccharide with a slightly complicated chemical
structure.

Invertase is a protein "enzyme".  An "enzyme" is much like a the igniter of a
bomb,
or a catalyst, that makes chemical reactions happen.  The honey bee makes
invertase in its own body.  By the way, so do YOU - Your pancreas manufactures
invertase to restructure the sugar you eat.  If your body fails to make
invertase, you are a diabetic.  (I don't charge for medical advice. Ha Ha!)

All nectar is a watery solution of SUCROSE.  The honey bee gathers it up in
its honey
stomach, flies home with it and injects invertase into it, the nurse bees
spread
this "treated" nectar around and ripen it by evaporating the high water
content of
perhaps 80% water down to only about 14%-18% water.  The invertase has
"broken"
the di-saccharide, SUCROSE, into TWO mono-saccharides, DEXTROSE and FRUCTOSE,
both of which are "simple sugars", some times called "blood sugars" because
those
are the sugars in human blood after your invertase has "broken" down that
sugar
you put in your coffee.

At room temperatures, dextrose is a solid, but fructose is a liquid.  When
the nectar from some plant like goldenrod is broken down into dextrose and
fructose, it is high
in glucose; and hence, goldenrod honey crystallizes rather quickly (turning
to sugar).
Oppositely, when nectar from tulip polar trees is broken down into dextrose
and fructose, it is very high in fructose; and hence, tulip poplar honey is
very slow to crystallize.

I am a retired scientist who has kept bees scientifically for 69 years.

I hope that I have helped.

George W. Imirie, Jr.
EAS Certified Master Beekeeper
Author of George's PINK PAGES