Todd said:
"The hive was reasonably strong last fall, so my suspicion is that this
colony, which was obtained from a local swarm of unknown parentage, was just
not up to the winter we had.  Is there a simple way to check the frames for
nosema infection?"

Todd, did you treat this colony for Nosema going into the winter?  I have
been going with local advise that tells me you have to treat for Nosema
every fall.  Fumadil-B in the last gallon of feed before winter.  What say
you all?
         Steve Noble
         Whidbey Island, Washington

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