> you will only know if something works if you test before and after.

This is the problem, cause and effect. Studies have to be done with side by side controls, not before and after. If you are sick and take vitamin C, then get well, that goes nowhere to prove Vitamin C made you well. 

You have to compare those who took it with those who didn't, minimize confusing demographic variables, do long term studies, etc. 

¶ 

> Researchers wanted to discover whether taking 200 milligrams or more of vitamin C daily could reduce the frequency, duration, or severity of a cold. After reviewing 60 years of clinical research, they found that when taken after a cold starts, vitamin C supplements do not make a cold shorter or less severe. When taken daily, vitamin C very slightly shortened cold duration -- by 8% in adults and by 14% in children. According to this research, the average adult who suffers with a cold for 12 days a year would still suffer for about 11 days a year if that person took a high dose of vitamin C every day during that year.

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