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Subject:	Re: Amitraz Resistance
From:	Peter Borst <[log in to unmask]>
Reply To:	Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology <[log in to unmask]>
Date:	Thu, 20 Apr 2023 10:55:12 -0400
Content-Type:	text/plain
Parts/Attachments:	text/plain (9 lines)

> Amitraz and its main metabolites, 2,4-DMF and 2,4-DMA, are known potent neurotoxicants. In honeybees they can lead to behavioral effects and neurotoxicity after the stimulation of octopamine receptors. The main neurotoxic effects include increased excitability, increased motor activity, and decreased feeding behavior.

Giorgini, M., Taroncher, M., Ruiz, M. J., Rodríguez-Carrasco, Y., & Tolosa, J. (2023). In Vitro and Predictive Computational Toxicology Methods for the Neurotoxic Pesticide Amitraz and Its Metabolites. Brain Sciences, 13(2), 252.

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