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Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology <[log in to unmask]>
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Tue, 26 Feb 2019 10:21:23 -0500
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"Bee-associated viruses are found and can replicate in Varroa destructor mites". Grozinger & Flennikin 2019

"Varroa mite, in which IAPV actively replicates." Di Prisco G, Pennacchio F, Caprio E, Boncristiani HF Jr., Evans JD, Chen YP. 2011

"it was shown recently that DWV replicated in mites" Gisder, S., Aumeier, P., & Genersch, E. 2009

But:

"The absence/scarce detection of non-structural proteins compared with high-abundance structural proteins suggest that the viruses did not replicate in the mite; hence, virions accumulate in the Varroa gut via hemolymph feeding." Erban, T.; Harant, K.; Hubalek, M.; Vitamvas, P.; Kamler, M.; Poltronieri, P.; Tyl, J.; Markovic, M.; Titera, D. 2015.

"Current hypotheses about the role of the mite in facilitating viral infections
(A) The virus replicates within the mite and subsequently infects the pupa
(B) The mite favours the proliferation of a virulent strain of the virus (in the case represented here as an example, by injecting the pathogen into the haemolymph where replication is easier)
(C) The mite suppresses the bee’s immune response
(D) The mite engages the same factors needed to sustain the antiviral response, releasing the pathogen from immune control
(E) The mite feeds upon the virus-contaminated haemolymph, subtracting both DWV and immune effectors, altering the dynamics of the systems, resulting in increased virus abundance"

-- Desiderato Annoscia, Sam Brown, Gennaro Di Prisco, Emanuele De Paoli, Simone Del Fabbro, Virginia Zanni, David Galbraith, Emilio Caprio, Christina M Grozinger, Francesco Pennacchio, Francesco Nazzi 2018

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