El 2023-11-19 09:31, Juanse Barros escribió:

> I didn't like the frames I saw. Really old combs and lots of sign of
> varroa-virus on them.

Hi Juanse,

It is reasonable.

Aroni Sattler gave a short presentation during last Apimondia in Chile 
talking about "High incidence of viruses affecting migratory bees of 
Apis mellifera species in Southern Brazil". He said they are AHB.

The study started a few years ago because of low productivity and high 
mortality mainly in queen bees breeders farms in Brazil.

They found all bee viruses known. A couple of them  was a great surprise 
for Dr. Sattler (with 25 Apimondia and counting).

Sattler said high dispersion of viruses is because of migratory 
beekeeping and high swarm behaviour of AHB.
"Beekeepers move the colonies with open entrances and without any cover 
of the loads. When they arrive the bees go to different beehives. When 
these colonies make swarms these remain in the area infesting local 
beehives" (sic)

This can also be applied to wild AHB colonies everywhere.

One of the main areas visited by migratory beekeepers in South Brazil is 
to pollinate canola in the North-West region of Rio Grande Do Sul.

In attached a slide by Aroni Sattler showed the presence of viruses in 
Southern beehives of Brazil.

Best regards

Fernando
-- 
Fernando Esteban
Espacio Apícola
Córdoba, Argentina

             ***********************************************
The BEE-L mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned
LISTSERV(R) list management software.  For more information, go to:
http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html