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Date: | Wed, 4 May 2022 08:04:50 -0400 |
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Contaminants in bee products
Honey is the least reliable bee product for monitoring purposes. Pollen is usually found to be more contaminated due to its being exposed to airborne pollution longer than the continuously produced nectar, and because pollen is highly lipophilic, containing 4%-8% lipids, but in some cases as much as 22.4%.
Similarly to pollen, propolis (resinous exudates gathered mainly from buds, but also from leaves, branches, and barks and mixed with the secretion of bees’ mandibular gland) also contains more contaminants and various microelements than does honey.
For the last more than 50 years numerous studies have showed
that measuring pollutant level in adult honey bees can also serve
for monitoring purposes (Bromenshenk et al., 1985; Crane, 1984;
Conti and Botre, 2001; Wallwork-Barber et al., 1982). Most studies
use adult honey bee bodies to monitor the environment for pollutants
first of all. The level of pollution in bee bodies was found to
be significantly different between environments and to correspond
to the varying level of pollution (Barganska et al., 2015). Heavy
metal concentration in the body of adult bees was, for example,
almost one hundred times larger in bees living in areas with a
higher probability of pollution (Bromenshenk et al., 1985).
Zięba et al. 2020
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114882
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