https://peerj.com/articles/15452/

Results

We found pollen amino acid concentrations were lower in plants exposed to
low concentrations of herbicide, and pollen fatty acid concentrations were
lower in plants exposed to low concentrations of fertilizer, while nectar
amino acids were higher in plants exposed to low concentrations of either
fertilizer or herbicide. Exposure to low fertilizer concentrations also
increased the quantity of pollen and nectar produced per flower. The
responses of plants exposed to the experimental treatments in the
greenhouse helped explain insect visitation in the field study. The insect
visitation rate correlated with nectar amino acids, pollen amino acids, and
pollen fatty acids. An interaction between pollen protein and floral
display suggested pollen amino acid concentrations drove insect preference
among plant species when floral display sizes were large. We show that
floral resource quality is sensitive to agrochemical exposure and that
flower-visiting insects are sensitive to variation in floral resource
quality.

             ***********************************************
The BEE-L mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned
LISTSERV(R) list management software.  For more information, go to:
http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html