Chemicals - chemicals can be broadly divided into inorganic (like arsenic) and organic (like DDT). The term organic beekeeping means derived from living matter. Years ago, organic chemicals fit that definition, but with DDT we moved into producing synthetic chemicals.
The term that is missing here is Cultural Methods of Pest Control
For example, here's the Table of Contents for a Basic Guide to Cultural Integrated Pest Management
- Cultural method of IPM (Integrated Pest Management) with advantages and disadvantages
- 1. Use of resistant varieties
- 2. Crop rotation
- 3. Crop residues destruction
- 4. Tilling and cultivating the soil
- 5. Pruning and thinning
- 6. Fertilization
- 7. Clean culture
- 8. Water management
- 9. Planting of trap crops
- 10. Use of clean seed
- 11. Variation in time of plant and harvesting
- 12. Earthing up
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