And yet highly mite resistant individual colonies have been produced out of unselected populations in one generation using single drone inseminations. Harbo and Hoopingarner were the first to document this in the mid 90s. In a test of colonies produced with this approach they had negative mite growth in four colonies which also had high levels of non reproductive mites (then called SMR, later changed to VSH). This was not a fluke. Progeny colonies from these had the same traits. A number of efforts in Europe and in Hawaii have replicated this.
The fact that these bees have not been adopted widely, or that they do not hold true when outbred, or do not stay pure in commercial queen and production operations is a different matter that has nothing to do with the underpinnings of the genetics of resistance.
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