Stumbled across Dylan Cleary's doctoral thesis - described as, '. among the
first to comprehensively explore genetic origin, management source, and
regionality as factors of pathogen infection in U.S. honey bee populations.'
A couple take-aways:
'A mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genetic diversity and pathogen study was
conducted examining swarms, managed, and feral honey bee populations from
three areas of the U.S., south-central (SC) U.S., Hawaii, and Utah.
Pathogens were identified using a combination of molecular diagnostic
techniques. We sequenced a portion of the mtDNA cytochrome oxidase
(COI-COII) intergenic region to characterize the maternal origin of 766
honey bee samples. The C lineage was the most common at 67.36%, followed by
the A (16.32%), M (12.92%), and O lineage (3.39%). Within the four lineages,
43 different haplotypes were detected, several of which have not been found
in commercial queen breeding operations. Unique haplotypes occurred
regionally and within management source types.'
'Based on the distribution of the detected haplotypes across the different
regions sampled compared to previous studies in the northern U.S., there is
likely a preference amongst haplotypes for specific climates. In the U.S., A
lineage honey bees are restricted to the southern states because they have a
reduced capacity for winter survival (Schneider et al., 2004). Studies in
New York and Pennsylvania, sampling from both managed and unmanaged
populations, detected haplotypes exclusively from the cold-hardy M and C
lineages (Rangel et al., 2020; Seeley et al., 2015). In contrast, our study,
as well as previous research in the southern and southwestern U.S., have
found four lineages with multiple haplotypes not detected in those found in
the northeastern U.S. (Kono & Kohn, 2015; Magnus & Szalanski, 2009;
Szalanski et al., 2016).'
As a function of this study she also evaluated the mtDNA of Arkansas bee
populations, observing:
'This study characterized the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genetic variation in
Arkansas honey bee, Apis mellifera L., populations by sequencing a portion
of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase (COI-COII) intergenic region. The
samples were primarily of hobbyist managed origin (n=179), as well as 32
feral colonies and two swarms. Of the 213 honey bee colonies and swarms
sampled, 25 haplotypes were observed.'
'The 17 haplotypes detected in our Arkansas study, which were absent from
commercial queen breeder colonies, could be important sources of genetic
diversity in future honey bee breeding programs, highlighting the importance
of State-level genetic surveys.'
'Twelve haplotypes occurred in the 32 feral colonies (4 lineages), 20
haplotypes in the 179 hobbyist-managed colonies (4 lineages), and two
haplotypes from the two swarms (2 64 lineages).'
'The haplotype diversity observed in our study suggests that Arkansas
hobbyist-managed colonies likely have been diversified by well-established
feral colonies which are remnant populations of historical importations from
the 17th -19th century.'
https://scholarworks.uark.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6205
<https://scholarworks.uark.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6205&context=etd>
&context=etd
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