If you haven't seen it already, Part 1 of an article series by Alburaki et
al is included in the May 2024 edition of Bee Culture outlining results of
almost 40 years of bee samples from the state of Ohio sent into the
Beltsville Bee Lab.



At the outset, they outline their rationale for starting with Ohio- because
during that span, the lab received more than twice as many samples (23,066)
from Ohio compared to the next highest state (New York - 10,697).



Does add some context to our current discussion surrounding the
retrospective analysis of disease data.



Interesting to note that the 1986 and 1987 sample years indicated 100%
incidence for AFB.



FWIW the Ohio data (9,759 brood samples) suggest a generally downward trend
in AFB starting in 2012 and an upward trend in EFB starting in 2013.


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