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Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology

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Thu, 20 Apr 2023 20:12:52 -0400
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Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology <[log in to unmask]>
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Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology <[log in to unmask]>
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Peter Borst <[log in to unmask]>
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In the interest of brevity I shortened the quote. The whole paragraph reads

> Target-site resistance develops from the structural modification or point mutation of genes encoding target proteins that interact with acaricides (Casida and Durkin, 2013). Acaricides such as pyrethroids target sodium channels. Target-site resistance has occurred in pyrethroid-resistant varroa mites from the United States. There are four amino acid mutations in the varroa mite sodium channel that are associated with pyrethroid resistance, including F1528L (IIIS6), L1595P34 (IIIS6-IVS1 linker), I1752V (IVS5) and M1823I (IVS6). In Florida and Michigan, the L1595P and the M1823I amino acid changes were found in resistant varroa mite strains that are not found in any other arthropod (Wang et al., 2003). The full-length cDNA of the sodium channel gene from varroa mites was sequenced and revealed novel alternative splicing exons (Wang et al., 2003).

> Wang, R., Huang, Z. Y., & Dong, K. E. (2003). Molecular characterization of an arachnid sodium channel gene from the varroa mite (Varroa destructor). Insect biochemistry and molecular biology, 33(7), 733-739.

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