In general, research into methods of euthanasia of all invertebrates is limited, partially because of the fact that they are typically not covered under animal welfare regulations as are vertebrates. 

The preferred method in insects and other terrestrial invertebrates is to use an inhalant anesthetic, such as isoflurane, sevoflurane, or halothane. CO2 immobilization, in entomologic research, remains a popular immobilization agent, but remains controversial because of the risk of negative effects, such as convulsion and excitation.

Psychological impact on the operator, beekeeper, and any observers should not be overlooked. The human-animal bond exists between beekeepers and their colonies and needs to be respected. Communication is essential and should include a discussion of the timing and method of euthanasia and what the beekeepers are likely to observe should they choose to be present. 

Beekeepers should be notified when death is confirmed, and it may be necessary to offer referral for grief support. Situations in which colonies are mandated to be destroyed because of infectious or foreign pests and diseases may be especially challenging for the beekeeper to accept.

There is a current lack of guidelines and standards specific to the humane euthanasia of honey bees. Common methods currently in use likely do not fulfill all requirements for humane euthanasia. 

Kyle, B., & Applegate, J. R. (2021). Honey bees and humane euthanasia. Veterinary Clinics: Food Animal Practice, 37(3), 569-575.

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