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New work on supplemental feeding
> We show that doses of HMF similar to those reported as sublethal in the literature appear to be non-toxic even to mite infested bees. However, the amount of HMF that can be found in homemade syrups, which increases with temperature and acidity, can be much higher and can cause significant bee mortality.
> Moreover, we highlighted the detrimental effect of syrups acidity on honeybee survival, suggesting that the addition of lemon or any other acidifying substance to invert the sucrose could be harmful and not necessary. Our results suggest a responsible approach to homemade colony nutrition.
Frizzera, Davide, et al. "Possible side effects of sugar supplementary nutrition on honey bee health." Apidologie (2020): 1-15.
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