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Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology <[log in to unmask]>
Date:
Sun, 31 Oct 2021 13:03:57 -0400
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I don't like the choices.  Unprecedented megadrought landscape, *versus*
incessant rain landscape,* versus* climate change driven early spring,
followed by a freeze (e.g., France this year).

https://fortune.com/2021/09/11/fires-frost-floods-europe-wine-2021-harvest-climate-change/

...a freak heat wave in March scalded vines. Deep frost in April froze
plants in the Loire, Provence, and Rhône regions, prompting growers to
light “crop candles”
<https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/bitter-harvest-for-french-winemakers-hit-by-worst-weather-in-40-years-6c9025hjq>—large
canisters filled with burning paraffin—between the vines in an attempt to
keep them warm. Then came torrents of rain in June and July, spawning an
outbreak of mildew in Burgundy and Champagne, and in August, wildfires burnt
vineyards to a crisp
<https://apnews.com/article/business-fires-environment-and-nature-wildfires-488f1a7c0e2d9858bf6db187e7707487>
in
the South of France.

“Is this the new normal—these so-called false springs following mild
winters, where vines are tricked into early growth, like an army lured into
a trap and then ambushed?” Tim Atkin, a prominent British wine writer,
asked in April.

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