In this thread, we have been presented with 3 different statements, each
seeming to suggest a different verified proximate set of causative agents of
the same symptoms that most people have associated with "CCD":
First, (apparently) Nosema ceranae alone, maybe with the at-the-time
undetected Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus (IAPv) or Invertebrate Iridescent
virus (IIv):
<1> I was not at all surprised that
> we observed disease signs during the invasive
> wave of Nosema ceranae, which took place
> from around 2001-2008. This is the same time
> frame in which we observed the signs of "true" CCD
Second, IAPv and Nosema ceranae:
<<2>> ...we cultured a strain of IAPV from a collapsing
>> bee operation, and then inoculated colonies
>> infected with the newly-invaded *Nosema ceranae*
>> with the virus. We treated half the hives with dsRNA
>> to suppress the virus. The results: what certainly
>> appeared to be CCD, documented step by step.
Third, Iridescent virus and Nosema ceranae, or maybe just Iridescent virus
alone:
<<<3>>> We found correlative evidence of N. ceranae
>>> and a suite of viruses. In our sample, the most
>>> common was several species of invertebrate
>>> iridescent virus. USDA still denies that it exists
>>> in the USA. I've photographic proof that it occurs
>>> in the USA. Randy has seen evidence of it. There
>>> are now at least three papers that show that the wax
>>> moth iridescent virus, which is common in USA, is
>>> lethal to caged worker bees (fulfills Koch's postulates),
>>> bee larvae in situ (Koch's Postulates), and whole colonies.
In physics, one very very very rarely gets even vaguely similar outcomes
from banging different sets of thingamajigs against each other, so when we
see similar outcomes from different sets of conditions/inputs/components, we
look askance at the apparatus, the software, the database, the pressure
gauges, and the post-docs that were asked to torque all the class 12.9 spec
bolts to 85 foot-pounds, when they might have assumed newton-meters for no
good reason, and hence not tightened them quite enough.
All three of these statements cannot be equally firm, as it is hard to
imagine that all 3 can co-exist as producing the same exact same symptoms.
So what are the differences between the three in terms of symptoms, if we
accept that all 3 sets of conditions proved fatal to large numbers of hives?
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