>
>
> >"It is important to note that the calculation of bee toxic load
> provides information about the total toxicity of insecticides applied to a
> landscape,"
>
Ah, details, details.
Yes, 120x the total POTENTIAL toxicity applied to the LANDSCAPE, but not
the amount to which bees are exposed.
A recent study by the Krupe lab concluded that:
" A maximum of 1.34% of the initial seed treatment was successfully
recovered from [maize] plant tissues in both study years."
Of that percent, only a tiny fraction would wind up in the pollen.
Thus, toxicity to which bees are exposed may well have actually DECREASED
-- an observation widely reported by beekeepers in the Corn Belt.

Alford A, Krupke CH (2017) Translocation of the neonicotinoid seed
treatment clothianidin in maize. PLOS ONE 12(10): e0186527.
-- 
Randy Oliver
Grass Valley, CA
www.ScientificBeekeeping.com

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