>In our operation we are simply culling what we don't like.
Completely agree ! I believe that about all we as individuals and as an industry can effectively do is continually eliminate undesirable queens. I keep enough new queens each spring, grafted from last years or two years ago best and replace any that are not up to snuff for any reason. By so doing we don't create better stock from the top but by raising the floor. This does not alas include varroa resistance. I have not identified such queens and admire Randy's efforts at that.
Paul Hosticka
Dayton WA
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