https://academic.oup.com/jee/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/jee/toz251/5575216?redirectedFrom=fulltext
Abstract

Here, we present the results of a 2-year field trial aimed at testing the
effect of overwintering on different feeds on the course of *Nosema ceranae*
infection. In August 2015, four experimental bee colony groups were
established. After the last honey harvest, each colony was provided with 20
kg of feed, either honey, sugar (3:2 solution in tap water), inverted syrup
made of sucrose, or wheat starch syrup. Samples of live bees were collected
from each beehive in August (before feeding), November, and May. The
following year, feeding and sampling were performed in the same way. Bees
were examined microscopically to estimate the percentage of *Nosema*-infected
individuals in the sample and the spore number per bee. Fitness parameters
were also measured in all colonies. In all hives, presence of *N. ceranae*
was confirmed through polymerase chain reaction. *Nosema apis* was not
detected in the apiary. Significant differences in nosematosis prevalence
and/or intensity were observed between the experimental groups. For most
parameters, best results were recorded in the group fed with honey. Worst
fitness and highest nosematosis prevalence and intensity were found in
colonies fed with wheat starch syrup.

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