> the idea that improved beekeeping management might be responsible for much of the increased virulence seen with EFB.

Recent publication correlates intensive management with lower overall losses:

> According to the data that are freely available on the beeinformed.org website, winter mortality differed by operation size; backyard beekeepers lost an average of 45.5% of their colonies over the winter of 2016–2017, while sideliners lost 37.2%, and commercial beekeepers lost only 25.6%. These results about winter mortality indicate that colony survival is affected by management practices.

López-Uribe, M. M., & Simone-Finstrom, M. (2019). Honey Bee Research in the US: Current State and Solutions to Beekeeping Problems.

https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/10/1/22/htm

Also:

> 14,813 beekeepers providing valid loss data collectively wintered 425,762 colonies ... The overall analysis showed that small operations suffered higher losses than larger ones.

Brodschneider, R., & al (2018). Multi-country loss rates of honey bee colonies during winter 2016/2017 from the COLOSS survey. Journal of Apicultural Research, 57(3), 452-457. 

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00218839.2018.1460911

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