Hello All,
I'm a queen breeder, producer and supplier on the island of Cyprus (EU),
with 40+ years experience.  I can confidently say that queens that emerge,
mate and are allowed to lay and mature for about one month in 5 frame nucs
are superior to queens that are produced in micro nucs.  Of course, it is
difficult to actually measure the difference in queen quality from the two
methods, but it exists in aspects such as longevity and performance.
There is a multitude of things that affect queen quality ranging from
breeder queen nutrition prior to grafting to shipping cage attendants and
shipping conditions.  Each item on its own probably only makes a 2 to 5%
difference, but when added up can make the difference between A queen and
an exceptional queen.
Best regards,
Roger White.
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