>1. Can the queen alone carry the disease to a healthy colony?
Yes, the 1st time I saw EFB was in a nuc, but there wasn't much left to save
hearing that shook swarming worked I just poped the queen in another nuc that had a queen fail to mate and bagged and burned the sick nuc (plywood scrap KTBN, little to loose), The hive that got the queen quickly came down with EFB
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