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Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology

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Informed Discussion of Beekeeping Issues and Bee Biology <[log in to unmask]>
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Tue, 24 Apr 2018 08:36:48 -0400
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> Are any atoms found in the bees wax molecule found to bee in in the protein(s) molecule(s) but are not found to be in the sugar molecule?

As I mentioned, proteins have been found in beeswax. 

> Kurstjens et al. (1990) showed comb protein fractions. The proteins ranged between 19 and 100 kD. Bands 1, 2, 6 and 17 (about 97, 89, 66, and 19 kD respectively), were unique to scale wax, while bands 3, 4, 10, 11 and 15 (87, 82, 54, 47 and 43 kD respectively), were unique to comb wax. Band 17 is dominant in scale wax, while bands 7–12 are collectively dominant in comb wax. Although wax scales and comb wax contain both unique and shared proteins, their functions are unknown. 

> Two of these fractions have been implicated in wax precursor transport, on the grounds that their molecular weight distributions closely approximate those of known honeybee apolipophorins. Thus, it is highly probable that hydrocarbons and fatty acid precursors of beeswax may be synthesized in the oenocytes, an interpretation strongly supported by the data of Hepburn et al. (1991), and then transported through the haemolymph to the surface of the insect in the form of primary or modified apolipophorins.

> Most insects have a major lipoprotein species in the hemolymph that serves to transport fat from the midgut to the storage depots in fat body cells and from the fat body to peripheral tissues. The generic name lipophorin is used for this lipoprotein. Apolipoproteins are proteins that bind lipids (oil-soluble substances such as fat and cholesterol) to form lipoproteins. They serve primarily for mobilizing fat from the fat body and transporting it to muscle for flight and other functions, such as wax synthesis.

PLB

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