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Date: | Thu, 7 Apr 2016 07:15:31 +0800 |
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On 06/04/16 14:00, Ari Seppälä wrote in regards to Chalkbrood
reappearance in restocked sterilised equipment:
"In Finland it is common to shake swarm AFB hives. The treated hives
show supricingly often chalkbrood, and it must come with bees as nothing
else is transferred to the new hive from old.
I think it breaks out so easily because bees have hard time starting
from just foundations in the new hive. Its interesring that same
happened with irradiated that are drown combs."
Peter Loring Borst 2016-04-04 17:48 stated:
"As I said in a previous post, I had 400 or so hives
irradiated, put fresh bees into the equipment and
they soon broke down with chalkbrood."
Irrespective of whether or not the irradiation dose was adequate to kill
spores of Ascophaera apis, (the causative organism of chalkbrood) in the
equipment, those spores are ubiquitous in the environment and any bees
used for restocking are very likely to be carrying them. One spore is
enough to reestablish infection.
The real take home message however, is that if you are seeing chalkbrood
at all in your hives, then the genetics of those bees are non hygienic.
It really is as simple as that. So breakdowns of chalkbrood and AFB are
to be expected, especially if stresses such as nutritional limitation or
excessive demand for new comb establishment are placed on them.
The solution is simple. Test for hygienic behaviour...in your
apiaries...in your nucs, and especially those hives used for breeding
stock. Test the hygienic behaviour of new queens sourced from outside
suppliers. The pin-prick method is quick, cheap and effective. Anybody
can do it. Once you have those results you can take effective remedial
action, even if it means changing the source of your queens, or putting
pressure on your supplier to improve his or her breeder selection.
PeterD
In Western Australia where a long hot and dry summer has been really
tough on both the bees and beekeepers. Ideal conditions for disease
breakdowns.
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