Dick:
You can check Canadian Association of Professional Apiculturists website for survey of winter losses of honey bees in Canada.
http://www.capabees.com/shared/2016/07/2017-CAPA-Statement-on-Colony-Losses-r.pdf
It will give you a good idea about winter kill across Canada from east to west. It also explains possible causes. I hope these reports can provide some answers to your questions.
Medhat Nasr
Alberta, Canada
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