See Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 for suggestions that varroa may have moved from Italian to Russian colonies in "co-mingled" apiaries, but not in apiaries with only one type. This was in the mid 2000s, a good decade after varroa mites came to the area. https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/60500500/PDFFiles/401-500/417-Rinderer--The%20Effects%20of%20Co-mingled.pdf *********************************************** The BEE-L mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned LISTSERV(R) list management software. For more information, go to: http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html
