And contrary to Bill's prediction, there is zero evidence that  we need to
> always be stuck with treating for varroa.  Animals have a very long history
> of evolving or being bred for resistance to parasites, and I see no reason
> to think that Apis mellifera is incapable of achieving what Apis cerana has
> accomplished.
>

Have to account for virus. As I have stated often, it is not the Varroa but
the virus. When we can eliminate virus, there will be little need to
control Varroa.

As far as animals eventually developing resistance to parasites,you have to
add pathogens becasue it is often not the parasite but the pathogen- like
deer ticks and Varroa.

Bill Truesdell
Bath, Maine

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