I feel that you may have misinterpreted Engels. My reading is that
he is saying that there is a 20% change of that virgin being unsuccesful at
mating and then commencing egglaying--not that she failed as a queen.
Yes, that's what I meant. The post was in the context of laying workers, and this loss on mating flights is a major contributor to failure due to queenlessness. Obviously, there are many routes to failure
PLB
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