> 
Brother Adam also wrote about bees wintering poorly on ling/heather honey.
I am not sure if that is due to hardness or higher particulate content.  In
this area it seems to be commonly accepted that wintering on fall honey
(goldenrod,aster, buckwheat) can be hard on bees due to the higher
particulate content and lack of elimination flights due to the cold winters.


I don't know anything about Ivy,  but canola is very low ash (particulate)
content and normally grades out as white,  I have been told that it does not
have all the nutrition bees need.  Yup it crystallizes at the drop of a hat,
but its no harder than a candy brick.

Charles

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