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Date: | Thu, 6 Apr 2017 09:57:18 -0600 |
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Randy Oliver covers a lot of the recent research and hypotheses in a
couple of very good summary articles available at his website.
Research by Maurizio (in the 50s) and others (even earlier) present a
fairly simple model, which may not be exactly correct in all details
and pathways, but is useful in its simplicity and practical
application. Her research pointed out to two types of workers, summer
and winter, with contrasting physiologies and resulting longevities.
Summer workers go through the age-related duties including nurse bees
which have high nitrogen content after feeding on pollen, resulting in
well developed hypopharyngeal glands, which crash as feeding of brood
exhausts their protein reserves. These bees last weeks. In contrast,
winter workers develop their hypopharyngeal glands when young, but lack
of brood rearing keeps them developed, high in protein, and long-lived,
as in months.
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