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Date: | Tue, 23 Aug 2016 13:59:54 -0300 |
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> ground based observations of reality (such as yours) aren't sexy enough
> to get attention.
>
>
Not sexy at all
http://jee.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2016/01/19/jee.tov397 and even
open source , puaj !
Abstract
A comparative assessment of apiaries in urban, rural, and agricultural
areas was undertaken in 2013 and 2014 to examine potential honey bee colony
exposure to neonicotinoid insecticides from pollen foraging. Apiaries
ranged in size from one to hundreds of honey bee colonies, and included
those operated by commercial, sideline (semicommercial), and hobbyist
beekeepers. Residues in and on wax and beebread (stored pollen in the hive)
were evaluated for the nitro-substituted neonicotinoid insecticides
imidacloprid and its olefin metabolite and the active ingredients
clothianidin, thiamethoxam, and dinotefuran. Beebread and comb wax
collected from hives in agricultural landscapes were more likely to have
detectable residues of thiamethoxam and clothianidin than that collected
from hives in rural or urban areas (∼50% of samples vs. <10%). The maximum
neonicotinoid residue detected in either wax or beebread was 3.9 ppb
imidacloprid. A probabilistic risk assessment was conducted on the residues
recovered from beebread in apiaries located in commercial, urban, and rural
landscapes. The calculated risk quotient based on a dietary no observable
adverse effect concentration (NOAEC) suggested low potential for negative
effects on bee behavior or colony health.
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