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Date: | Thu, 7 Nov 2013 13:50:54 -0200 |
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Do not remember if we have seen this paper from oct 23th
http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0077193
A Four-Year Field Program Investigating Long-Term Effects of Repeated
Exposure of Honey Bee Colonies to Flowering Crops Treated with Thiamethoxam
Abstract
Neonicotinoid residues in nectar and pollen from crop plants have been
implicated as one of the potential factors causing the declines of honey
bee populations. Median residues of thiamethoxam in pollen collected from
honey bees after foraging on flowering seed treated maize were found to be
between 1 and 7 µg/kg, median residues of the metabolite CGA322704
(clothianidin) in the pollen were between 1 and 4 µg/kg. In oilseed rape,
median residues of thiamethoxam found in pollen collected from bees were
between <1 and 3.5 µg/kg and in nectar from foraging bees were between 0.65
and 2.4 µg/kg. Median residues of CGA322704 in pollen and nectar in the
oilseed rape trials were all below the limit of quantification (1 µg/kg).
Residues in the hive were even lower in both the maize and oilseed rape
trials, being at or below the level of detection of 1 µg/kg for bee bread
in the hive and at or below the level of detection of 0.5 µg/kg for hive
nectar, honey and royal jelly samples. The long-term risk to honey bee
colonies in the field was also investigated, including the sensitive
overwintering stage, from four years consecutive single treatment crop
exposures to flowering maize and oilseed rape grown from thiamethoxam
treated seeds at rates recommended for insect control. Throughout the
study, mortality, foraging behavior, colony strength, colony weight, brood
development and food storage levels were similar between treatment and
control colonies. Detailed examination of brood development throughout the
year demonstrated that colonies exposed to the treated crop were able to
successfully overwinter and had a similar health status to the control
colonies in the following spring. We conclude that these data demonstrate
there is a low risk to honey bees from systemic residues in nectar and
pollen following the use of thiamethoxam as a seed treatment on oilseed
rape and maize.
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