On Sep 17, 2013, at 12:37 AM, Juanse Barros <[log in to unmask]> wrote:
>> There is mounting evidence that N. C. came in through South America
>
> could you show that evidence ? please
I cited this paper earlier
Teixeira, E. W., dos Santos, L. G., Sattler, A., Message, D., Florencio Alves, M. L. T. M., Martins, M. F., ... & Francoy, T. M. (2013). Nosema ceranae has been present in Brazil for more than three decades infecting Africanized honey bees. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
> Previous reports suggested that N. ceranae passed from A. cerana to A. mellifera in Asia, probably in the 1990s, thereafter dispersing throughout the world However, it is not possible to determine precisely when or where N. ceranae passed from A. cerana to European honey bees
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