...I don't have time to delve into this in depth, but I think hoarding behavior and defensive behavior have been linked directly to open comb, whether the cluster is covering it or not? http://www.ars.usda.gov/SP2UserFiles/Place/64133000/PDFFiles/101-200/140-Collins--Effect%20of%20Empty%20Comb%20on%20Defensive.pdf deknow *********************************************** The BEE-L mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned LISTSERV(R) list management software. For more information, go to: http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html Guidelines for posting to BEE-L can be found at: http://honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/guidelines.htm