First GMO now PAs, where are they going to find safe honey?
this must be a sort of Alien conspiracy to promote some sort of mars
pollinator that produces ultra pure syrup
or maybe Monsanto is not happy with having the seed and agrotoxics
market, now is going for the pollination one.

Who knows, the world is freezing ... isn't it?

http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/**efsajournal/doc/2406.pdf<http://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/efsajournal/doc/2406.pdf>

SCIENTIFIC OPINION
Scientific Opinion on Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in food and feed1

EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM)
2, 3

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma, Italy

ABSTRACT
The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) was asked by the European
Commission to deliver a scientific
opinion on pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) in food and feed. PAs are toxins
exclusively biosynthesised by plants.
To date, approximately 600 different PAs are known. Results for 13,280 bulk
honey and 1324 retail honey
samples were provided to EFSA by one Member State and 351 feed samples were
provided by a second
Member State. The EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM
Panel) performed estimates of
both acute and chronic exposure to PAs through honey for three different
age groups. Although there might be
other sources of PA exposure, due to lack of data the CONTAM Panel was not
able to quantify dietary exposure
from food other than honey. A number of PAs were identified as being of
particular importance for food and
feed. Based on the present knowledge of metabolism,  activation, DNA
adduct-formation, genotoxicity and
carcinogenicity, the CONTAM Panel concluded that 1,2-unsaturated PAs may
act as genotoxic carcinogens in
humans. Therefore, the CONTAM Panel decided to apply the Margin of Exposure
(MOE) approach. A
benchmark dose lower confidence limit for a 10 % excess cancer risk
(BMDL10) of 70 µg/kg b.w. per day for
induction of liver haemangiosarcomas by lasiocarpine in male rats was
calculated as the reference point for
comparison with the estimated dietary exposure. The CONTAM Panel concluded
that there is a possible health
concern for those toddlers and children who are high consumers of honey.
There is generally a low risk of PA
poisoning in livestock and companion animals in the EU as most PA
poisonings reported recently are due to
accidental exposure.
© European Food Safety Authority, 2011

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