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In this discussion, the broad statement being questioned is that N.ceranae
infection alone is not responsible for colony losses. Jerry has raised the
spectre that N.ceranae plus virus(es) is a high risk for a loss scenario and
to elect no treatment for Nosema is a gamble. The cost, effectiveness and
danger involved in using fumagillin to treat Nosema has been raised and are
presumably the reasons why a decision not to treat for Nosema control would
be made. Bob and Jerry have echoed the thoughts of many beekeepers that an
alternative to fumagillin for Nosema treatment is desparately needed.
In the parallel discussion on dropping varroa with oxalic acid vapour, Randy
has pointed out that the response of bees to toxins such as this acid, is
apoptosis and rapid replacement of the intestinal epithelial cells.Surely
this drastic scenario would also impact on any Nosema presence and mitigate
its effects in colonies strong enough to overcome this transient shock?
A link missing in this discussion has been the impact of agrichemicals,
which as I understand it, even when present in minute quantities are also
implicated in this complex causality of colony demise, particularly when
associated with Nosema infection. Research conclusions in this area are
still in their infancy, but what I have seen so far is quite convincing.
I guess that what is undisputed so far, is that most of todays beekeepers
will be faced with a scenario of "Failure to Thrive" syndrome which can
ultimately result in colony demise unless management to prevent this is
adopted. That means controlling both varroa AND Nosema populations, AND
ensuring adequate nutrition. Failure to address any one of these problems
can tip the balance into freefall, since all 3 are interrelated. Also
minimise exposure to agrichems wherever possible. Basic husbandry for any
beekeeper, although Randy has recently written of these as the 4 basic rules
for successful beekeeping, directed at 'newbees', (
http://scientificbeekeeping.com/the-rules-for-successful-beekeeping/ ).
PeterD
in Western Australia, where an extended cool damp spring seems at last to be
coming to an end.
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