Peter I really liked your post, very inspiring. I am afraid the scutellata is not the answer as far as the capensis is around with its laying workers.<http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10192006-175328/unrestricted/00front.pdf> At the same time what puzzles me is how come Australia have Nosema ceranae with out having varroa or Asian bees, particularly considering that NosemaC migrated recently (last 20 years) to EHB. Did it came in by pollen, royal jelly or queen imports? -- Juanse Barros J. APIZUR S.A. Carrera 695 Gorbea - CHILE +56-45-271693 08-3613310 http://apiaraucania.blogspot.com/ [log in to unmask] *********************************************** The BEE-L mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned LISTSERV(R) list management software. For more information, go to: http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html Access BEE-L directly at: http://community.lsoft.com/scripts/wa-LSOFTDONATIONS.exe?A0=BEE-L