Randy, Here is an informative manuscript The Action of the Proventriculus of the Worker Honeybee, Apis Mellifera L. http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/reprint/29/2/310.pdf Joe *********************************************** The BEE-L mailing list is powered by L-Soft's renowned LISTSERV(R) list management software. For more information, go to: http://www.lsoft.com/LISTSERV-powered.html Access BEE-L directly at: http://community.lsoft.com/scripts/wa-LSOFTDONATIONS.exe?A0=BEE-L