>Those who have read that they should cull queenless colonies might combine
or destroy such colonies, but in my experience, most usually survive and do
well the next spring.

Ditto here in Calif, Allen.  Although broodlessness comes later--usu in
November/December.

Unless the colony shows signs of queenlessness other than simple lack of
brood, I also assume that it is queenright, and they winter just fine, as
yours do.

Randy Oliver

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