In the early 1980s we conducted extensive tests of brood survival - marking  
patches, recording initial content of each cell (e.g., egg, larvae by day of  
age, pupae by day of age, nectar, pollen, or empty) and then re-examining 14  
days later.  We had to uncap pupae to determine age.  We saw pupae  that were 
head down in cells - not often, but enough to note that it  happened.  
 
We didn't see these emerge - so we didn't know whether they would have  
survived if they'd gone to term.  So, Peter apparently saw some of these  emerging 
backwards.  My question, in order to do this, did other bees open  the cells?
 
Jerry



**************Wondering what's for Dinner Tonight? Get new twists on family 
favorites at AOL Food.      
(http://food.aol.com/dinner-tonight?NCID=aolfod00030000000001)

****************************************************
* General Information About BEE-L is available at: *
* http://www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l/default.htm   *
****************************************************