> How (and when) do you verify your colonies are broodless? (I assume
> you don't break the frames apart in freezing wheather.)
>
I admit. I don't brake all the hives open. I look some hives and when almost
all checked are with out brood I start treating. The ones having late
brood are normally the ones with new queen, so I use mainly them as control.
Around where I live it is very rare to have brood in late November, but 200
km south much more common.
Ari Seppälä
-- Visit www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l for rules, FAQ and other info ---