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Date: | Fri, 30 Mar 2007 11:43:57 -0400 |
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*_Environmental Fate_**:** *
* *Breakdown in soil and groundwater:* Fluvalinate is of low
persistence, with reported soil half-lives of 6 to 8 days [12,25].
In sandy loam, sandy clay and clay soils, fluvalinate degrades
under aerobic conditions with half-lives of 4 to 8 days. Under
anaerobic conditions in sandy loam, its half-life may be 15 days
[38]. Fluvalinate is nearly insoluble in water and it has a strong
tendency to bind to soil particles [25]. It is therefore unikely
to contaminate groundwater; however, metabolites of fluvalinate
may leach [12,38]. Applications of less than 0.1 pound active
ingredient per acre will decrease the potential for groundwater
contamination [38]. Photodegradation of fluvalinate does not occur
on soil [38]
* *Breakdown in water:* In water, fluvalinate is subject to
photodegradation with a half-life of up to 1 day. Photodegradation
yields anilino acid and 3-phenoxy benzoic acid [38]. Fluvalinate
is stable to hydrolysis under normal environmental temperatures
and pH [38]. In pond waters and in laboratory degradation studies,
pyrethroid concentrations decrease rapidly due to sorption to
sediment, suspended particles and plants. Microbial and
photodegradation also occur [22].
* *Breakdown in vegetation:* No information was found.
That is the quote from the link. It will break down in water with light
quickly. It will break down in soil with air and without air. In
essence, there is not just one route that will cause it to break down,
since it does. The only issue is how fast.
You can also check the Wellmark International site for the MSDS which
says about the same thing.
http://209.85.165.104/search?q=cache:VxxAt6SSjKQJ:www.apistan.com/msds_specimen/apistan_msds.pdf+apistan+%22half+life%22&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=2&gl=us
And for 3-phenoxy benzoic acid :
http://www.pesticideinfo.org/Detail_Chemical.jsp?Rec_Id=PC34046
There is water (moisture) in honey and especially in nectar.
Stable to hydrolysis means it does not react with water, not that it
does not breakdown in water, which it does do with light fairly quickly.
Light means light.
Perspective here- that we are talking about a strip that has an
exceptionally low concentration of fluvalinate and normally used in the
fall. If you are going to get contaminated honey it will be from those
who purchase animal treatments and use it on bees when there are supers
on. I would not rule out contamination cause by misuse of anything and
my guess is that is where most contaminated wax comes from. My issue was
and is with the condemnation,by some on this list, of all beekeepers who
use controls responsibly.
The concentrations and half life of Apistan are such that it would be
unlikely to ever find it in summer honey when used according to
directions and probably even when not. It is just not that persistent.
Good house guest.
Bill Truesdell
Bath, Maine
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