Peater Keating's last post could have cut quotes in half:

Regarding overwintered nucs Michael Palmer speculated, "there seemed to be something about the nature of these small colonies."

Fairview College in Alberta did some experiments with overwintering 6 frame
nucs with success. Seemingly the infested bees and most of the parasites get
left with the parent colony. There is a beekeeper in Fairview that
overwinters only nucs, around 4,000 l think.
Peter Keating

-- Visit www.honeybeeworld.com/bee-l for rules, FAQ and  other info ---