The question here is - how long does it take for us to recognize
toxicity and long-term effects of chemicals.  We used to think that DDT
was OK, too.  

-----Original Message-----
From: Lactation Information and Discussion
[mailto:[log in to unmask]] On Behalf Of Christie Kilduff
Sent: Thursday, February 14, 2008 11:12 PM
Subject: Re: Baby Bottles Leach Toxic Chemical--press release

I post on a mainstream debate board and these studies were posted in
response to this press release.  No big deal??

Dietary exposure assessment of infants to bisphenol A from the use of
polycarbonate baby milk bottles.
Onn Wong K, Woon Leo L, Leng Seah H.

Food Control Division, Food and Veterinary Administration, Agri-Food and
Veterinary Authority, Singapore. [log in to unmask]

The residual bisphenol A (BPA) levels in 28 different brands of
polycarbonate (PC) baby milk bottles available in the Singapore market
were
measured. With a detection limit of 3 mg/kg, BPA residues were detected
in
19 out of the 28 PC baby milk bottles at levels between 4.01 and 141
mg/kg,
with a mean of 28.1 +/- 31.4 mg/kg and a median of 17.2 mg/kg. The
potential
migration of BPA from each of the 28 PC milk bottles was also measured
using
food-simulating solvents and time conditions recommended by the US Food
and
Drug Administration (US FDA), but using temperatures more severe than
actual
use. The highest upper-bound mean BPA migration levels of 0.64 +/- 0.48
microg/in2 in 10% ethanol at 70 degrees C and 0.43 +/- 1.25 microg/in2
in
corn oil at 100 degrees C were observed after incubating cut portions of
the
milk bottles for 240 h. With this migration data and using US FDA's
procedure for estimation of dietary exposure, the worst-case dietary
exposure assessment for the intake of BPA by infants between birth and
three
months of age was below the oral Reference Dose of 0.05 mg/kg bw/day
established by the US Environmental Protection Agency. This study showed
that the dietary exposure to BPA from actual uses of PC milk bottles is
unlikely to pose a health risk in infants.

 

 

Food Addit Contam. 2003 Jul;20(7):684-9.Click here to read Links
Increased migration levels of bisphenol A from polycarbonate baby
bottles
after dishwashing, boiling and brushing.
Brede C, Fjeldal P, Skjevrak I, Herikstad H.

Naeringsmiddeltilsynet for Midt-Rogaland, Stavanger, Norway.
[log in to unmask]

Baby bottles are often made of polycarbonate plastic. Impurities
remaining
in the bottle from the monomer bisphenol A can migrate from the plastic
bottles into baby food, thereby causing a health concern. Previous
migration
testing of new baby bottles showed only trace migration levels of the
substance. In the present work, polycarbonate baby bottles were
subjected to
simulated use by dishwashing, boiling and brushing. Migration testing
performed with both new and used bottles revealed a significant increase
in
migration of bisphenol A due to use. This finding might be explained by
polymer degradation. Bisphenol A was determined in 200-ml samples of
water
food simulant by a method based on solid-phase extraction followed by
gas
chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The detection limit was
0.1
microg l(-1). Twelve different polycarbonate baby bottles were tested by
filling them with hot water (100 degrees C) for 1 h. The mean bisphenol
A
level from new bottles was 0.23 + -0.12 microg l(-1), while the mean
levels
from bottles subjected to simulated use were 8.4 + -4 microg l(-1)
(dishwashed 51 times) and 6.7 + -4 microg l(-1) (dishwashed 169 times),
respectively. None of the bottles released bisphenol A at levels that
exceed
the recently established provisional tolerable daily intake (0.01 mg
kg(-1)
body weight/day) in the European Union.

PMID: 12888395 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

 

J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 2000 Nov 10;749(1):49-56. Links
High-performance liquid chromatography with peroxyoxalate
chemiluminescence
detection of bisphenol A migrated from polycarbonate baby bottles using
4-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzoyl chloride as a label.
Sun Y, Wada M, Al-Dirbashi O, Kuroda N, Nakazawa H, Nakashima K.

Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Japan.

A highly sensitive and selective high-performance liquid chromatographic
method with peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence detection for the
determination
of bisphenol A at sub-ppb levels is described. Bisphenol A was
derivatized
with 4-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzoyl chloride and the excess
unreacted reagent was removed by a simple solid-phase extraction
procedure
with recoveries of approximately 60%. The separation was carried out
isocratically on an ODS column and the derivatized bisphenol A was
detected
by peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence. A mixture of
bis[2-(3,6,9-trioxadecanyloxycarbonyl)-4-nitrophenyl]oxalate (0.6 mM)
and
hydrogen peroxide (25.0 mM) dissolved in acetonitrile was used as a
chemiluminescence reagent solution with a mixture of imidazole-HNO3
buffer
(40.0 mM, pH 7.0): acetonitrile (17:83, v/v) as a mobile phase. The
linear
standard curve was obtained over the range from 0.57 (2.5) to 22.8 (100)
ppb
(nM) (r=0.996) with a detection limit of 0.38 ppb (2.8 fmol on column)
at a
signal-to-noise ratio of 3. The method was successfully applied to the
determination of bisphenol A in hot water in contact with commercially
available baby bottle samples.

PMID: 11129078 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

 

Food Addit Contam. 1997 Aug-Oct;14(6-7):737-40. Links
Investigations into the potential degradation of polycarbonate baby
bottles
during sterilization with consequent release of bisphenol A.
Mountfort KA, Kelly J, Jickells SM, Castle L.

Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, CSL Food Science
Laboratory,
Colney, Norwich, UK.

Twenty-four brands of plastic baby feeding bottles were purchased and
all
were found to be made of polycarbonate. Taking a batch of one
representative
sample, the polymer was tested for stability and possible release of
bisphenol A following domestic practice of sterilization. Sterilization
was
by alkaline hypochlorite, steam, or washing in an automatic dishwasher
at 65
degrees C with detergent. A total of 20 cycles of sterilization and
subsequent food use were performed for each of the three procedures.
Bisphenol A migration was in all cases not detectable in infant feed
using a
very sensitive method of liquid chromatography with fluorescence
detection
with a 0.03 mg/kg detection limit.

PMID: 9373536 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Determination of bisphenol A in human breast milk by HPLC with
column-switching and fluorescence detection.
Sun Y, Irie M, Kishikawa N, Wada M, Kuroda N, Nakashima K.

Division of Analytical Research for Pharmacoinformatics, Department of
Clinical Chemistry, Course of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School
of
Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki
852-8521, Japan.

A highly sensitive HPLC method was developed for the determination of
xenoestrogenic compound, bisphenol A (BPA) in human breast milk samples.
After a two-step liquid-liquid extraction, BPA was derivatized with
fluorescent labeling reagent, 4-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzoyl
chloride (DIB-Cl). The excess fluorescent reagent could be removed
effectively using a column-switching system. The separation of DIB-BPA
from
endogenous materials in milk was carried out on two C(18) columns and
fluorescence intensity was monitored at 475 nm with the excitation of
350
nm. A good linearity (r = 0.994) was observed of BPA in the
concentration
range of 0.2-5.0 ng mL(-1) in breast milk, and the detection limit was
0.11
ng mL(-1) at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. Intra- and inter-day
precision
(RSD, %) were less than 8.7 and 10.4, respectively. Twenty-three breast
milk
samples of healthy lactating women were analyzed for the BPA
concentration;
the mean value was 0.61 +/- 0.20 ng mL(-1), with no correlation to the
lipid
content of milk samples.

PMID: 15386523 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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