Here are some references from the ILCA publication "Summary of the Hazards
of Infant Formula" (1992)

Infants fed by bottle are at increased risk of cardiopulmonary
disturbances, including prolonged airway closure and obstructed
respiratory breaths due to repeated swallowing  Koenig JS, Davies AM,
Thach BT.  Coordination of breathing, sucking and swallowing during bottle
feedings in human infants.  J Appl Physiol 69: 1623-1629, 1990.

Preterm infants have shown decreased oxygen saturation accompanied by
apnea (absent airflow for >20 sec), bradycardia (heart rate <100 beats per
minuite) and cyanosis (blue coloring) during bottle-feeding, due to
frequent swallowing and limited breathing time with high flow nipples
Matthew O.  Breathing patterns of preterm infants during bottlefeeding:
role of milk flow.  J Pediatr 119:960-965, 1991.

Term infants can experience oxygen saturation below 90% when
bottlefeeding.  Nine of 50 healthy term infants in one study experienced
bradycardia during bottlefeeding.  Six of these episodes were preceded by
apnea, three showed hypopnea (marked reduction in ventilation) and one
had central apnea (no respiratory efforts)  Matthew O, Clark ML, Ponske
MH.  Apnea, bradycardia, and cyonosis during oral feeding in term
neonates.  J Pediatr 106:857, 1985.

Rachael Hamlet
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