'Would taking a longer route to fly around an object be considered to be a motivational tradeoff?' 

The question is decidedly above my pay grade, but when you follow the original article down the rabbit hole you end up at papers such as the following:

https://eprints.lse.ac.uk/84099/1/Birch_%20Animal%20sentience%20and%20the.pdf

 Which invariably refer to several 'tells' that are generally summarized as following (from the above):

'Particularly important indicators include the self delivery of analgesics, whereby the animal learns to administer pain relief drugs such as opioids in an operant-conditioning setup; motivational trade-offs, whereby the animal behaves as if weighing its preference to avoid a noxious stimulus against other preferences; and conditioned place avoidance, whereby the animal learns to avoid locations at which it previously encountered noxious stimuli.'

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