For your information

Journal of Apicultural Research, 2016
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2016.1159068

RIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
Associations among Nosema spp. fungi, Varroa destructor mites, and chemical
treatments in honey bees, Apis mellifera
Catherine M. Littlea,†, Dave Shutlera* and Geoffrey R. Williamsa,b,‡
aDepartment of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, Canada; bDepartment of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
(Received 12 August 2013; accepted 4 March 2014)
Nosema spp. and Varroa destructor are common parasites of honey bee colonies. Beekeepers routinely treat colonies with the fungicide fumagillin to control Nosema and an array of miticides to control V. destructor. Interactions between these parasites and chemical treatments are poorly understood. We allocated honey bee colonies to distinct chemical treatment regimes and monitored parasite intensities in the subsequent year. Infections of Nosema and infestations of V. destructor were positively correlated. Fumagillin was effective at mitigating Nosema intensities only over the short term, suggesting that biannual application is essential. V. destructor intensities were higher in colonies that had been previously treated with miticides, reasons for this warrant further investigation.

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Medhat
Alberta Canada
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