More evidence that nosema ceranae does not cause massive die off in some areas:


Dominance of Nosema ceranae in honey bees in the Balkan countries in the absence of symptoms of colony collapse disorder*

> Nosema species were determined in honey bees from Balkan countries. A total of 273 Nosema-positive samples were analysed.  N. apis was detected in only one sample (collected in 2008 in Serbia) and N. ceranae in all the others (N = 272) including 35 older samples from Serbia collected between 2000 and 2005. No co-infection was detected. The results suggest (1) the dominance of N. ceranae infection in all Balkan countries monitored throughout the last three years; (2) the presence of N. ceranae in Serbia at least since 2000, which means that N. ceranae has not recently displaced N. apis; (3) the higher efficacy of PCR-RFLP with newly designed primers, nos-16S-fw/rv, in comparison with duplex PCR (100%:82%, respectively). 

> The prevalence of N. ceranae in Balkan countries was not associated with an increase in nosemosis or colony losses resembling Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD).

http://www.apidologie.org/

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